Methods and systems for heat applied sensor tag

ABSTRACT

A method for configuring a sensor tag includes placing the sensor tag in a location on a garment or fabric to be affixed. The method may further include applying a heat source at a temperature to the sensor tag for a time period. The method may further include removing the heat source after the time period has elapsed. The method may further include removing a paper layer between an adhesive layer and the garment of fabric prior to placing the sensor taking in the location. The method may further include removing a top protective layer after removing the heat source.

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/156,146 titled “METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR HEAT APPLIED SENSOR TAG,” filed Mar. 3, 2021, which is assigned to the assignee hereof, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to sensor tags (e.g., Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags) which may be attached to or incorporated into textile or other items. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a thin, flexible sensor tag being applied via a heat source.

BACKGROUND

In the retail industry, it would be advantageous to provide sensor tags, such as RFID tags, which can be efficiently attached to textile or other items so that the sensor tag becomes an integrated (and difficult to detect) part of the item. In some aspects, for example, it would also be advantageous to provide a sensor tag for garments and the like that is designed to be attached efficiently to the garment permanently

One drawback of tagging goods with RFID and other sensor devices for purposes of theft prevention is that the tag itself is often visible to thieves and easily removable by thieves. Shoplifters in many cases are able to locate the RFID tag and simply remove, disable, or shield an RFID element to evade detection by exit portal RFID readers.

Another drawback of tagging goods with RFID and other sensor devices for purposes of theft prevention is the amount of time and high temperate which is required to affix the RFID tags. Using conventional methods and devices would require a heat source to be applied to a RFID tag above 170 degrees Celsius for 60-90 seconds or more. The amount of heat and time required to apply the RFID tag to a product is not feasible for a manufacturing process. Further, applying a heat source above 170 degrees Celsius of 60-90 seconds to the RFID tag risks damaging the sensor and/or the product. Additionally, extended time periods in contact with a high heat source also risks the RFID tag sticking to the heat source and thereby not adhering to the product.

Thus, improvements in applying RFID tags to a textile product are desired.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for providing sensor tags to be affixed to textiles by applying a low temperature heat source, for example below 170 degrees Celsius, for a short amount of time, for example less than 60 seconds, or preferably less than 20 seconds, or more preferably less than 15 seconds.

In an aspect, a method for configuring sensor tag, may comprise placing the sensor tag in a location on a garment or fabric to be affixed. The method may further comprise applying a heat source at a temperature to the sensor tag for a time period. Further, the method may further comprise removing the heat source after the time period has elapsed.

In another aspect, a sensor tag includes a top layer. The sensor tag my further include a sensor layer below the top layer. Further, the sensor tag may further include an adhesive layer below the sensor layer.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosed aspects will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, provided to illustrate and not to limit the disclosed aspects, wherein like designations denote like elements, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fifth example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sixth example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a seventh example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a eighth example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a tenth example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a tenth example sensor tag according to some present aspects;

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of an example method of configuring a sensor tag according to some present aspects; and

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of an example method of applying and affixing a sensor tag according to some present aspects.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known components may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide a sensor tag, such as a passive RFID tag, which is thin, flexible, and efficiently affixed to items via a heat source, and which can be discreetly attached to or otherwise incorporated into many different types of items. The flexible RFID tag is particularly suitable to be incorporated into textile items, such as garments, and can be discreetly disposed within the item so as to be concealed from view. The sensor tag can be efficiently and quickly affixed to products via a heart source without damage to the sensor.

In an aspect, for example, the RFID tag may comprise the layers of a top layer, a sensor layer, and an adhesive layer. In another aspect of the disclosure the RFID tag may also comprise a heat protective layer on the top of the RFID tag and a backing layer on the bottom of the RFID tag. Further, in another aspect of the disclosure, the adhesive layer may be broken into two separate adhesive layers, or a single layer may comprise two different adhesives blended together.

Turning now to the figures, example aspects are depicted with reference to one or more components described herein, where components in dashed lines may be optional.

Referring to FIG. 1 , in one non-limiting aspect, a flexible sensor tag 100 includes a sensor 102 disposed between a flexible substrate layer 104 and a coating layer 106. In some aspects, the sensor 102 may be an RFID sensor. However, the present aspects are not limited to an RFID sensor, and any combination and number of different sensors within a single sensor tag may be desirable for each specific application. For example, in some aspects, the sensor 102 may include more than one sensor, and each sensor may be an RFID sensor or may be another type of sensor. In some non-limiting aspects, for example, the sensor 102 may include one or more Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) sensors instead of or in addition to one or more RFID sensors, and each EAS sensor may emit a detectable signal in response to an interrogation field. In some non-limiting aspects, for example, the sensor 102 may include one or more Near-field communication (NFC) and/or one or more acousto-magnetic (AM) sensors instead of or in addition to one or more RFID sensors and/or one or more EAS sensors.

In an aspect, for example, the sensor 102 may include an RFID inlay including an integrated circuit (IC) connected to an antenna 108. The RFID inlay may be affixed/applied to the flexible substrate layer 104, which may have a polymer thick film composition. In one non-limiting aspect, for example, the flexible substrate layer 104 may be made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). In one non-limiting aspect, the antenna 108 may be printed onto the TPU substrate using conductive ink. Then, a second protective polymer layer preferably made of a flexible material such as TPU may be applied as a protective overcoat over the sensor 102 to provide the coating layer 106. Accordingly, a sealed encapsulating TPU layer is formed to house the RFID inlay.

In an alternative aspect, the flexible substrate layer 104 may be made of fabric, woven cloth, or any other type of flexible, sew-able material. In some aspects, a stretchable, semi-elastic type of cloth fabric may be particularly suitable for the flexible substrate later 106. The sensor 102 may be applied to the fabric substrate, and then a thin, protective polymer layer, such as TPU, may be applied over the fabric substrate to seal the RFID inlay between the fabric and the TPU.

As described above, a TPU layer may be applied to provide the coating layer 106 over the RFID inlay. Alternatively, referring to FIG. 2 , in aspects where the flexible substrate layer 104 is made of fabric, a TPU coating may be applied to both sides of the fabric substrate to provide an encapsulating layer 110 that provides a protective, sealed, and optionally water-resistant housing for the electronic components applied to the fabric substrate. In some non-limiting aspects, the encapsulating layer 110 is a protective coating layer of TPU that can be positioned on the fabric substrate so that the sensor tag 100 has an edge portion providing a TPU-free margin. This edge portion which does not have a TPU coating may be used as the sewing edge when the sensor tag 100 is sewn into the garment.

In aspects where fabric is used for the flexible substrate layer 104, conductive inks may be used to print the antenna 108 directly on the fabric. Alternatively, the fabric may include conductive threads which are woven into the fabric to provide the antenna 108. In some aspects, the conductive thread may be woven into the fabric to provide some degree of elasticity so that the conductive traces are stretchable.

Referring to FIG. 3 , in yet another alternative aspect, the flexible substrate layer 104 may be made of fabric, or any other type of flexible, sew-able material, and the flexible substrate layer 104 may have a thin film of TPU 112 applied to at least one side such that the TPU film 112 provides a substrate for the application of the sensor 102. After the electronic components (e.g., the sensor 102, the antenna 108, etc.) are applied to the TPU film 112, another layer of TPU may be applied to provide the coating layer 106 and thereby encapsulate the sensor 102 between two TPU layers: (1) the coating layer 106; and (2) the TPU film 112 on the fabric substrate. In some aspects, the TPU film 112 and/or the coating layer 106 may be positioned on the fabric substrate such that the sensor tag 100 has a fabric edge portion providing a TPU-free margin. This edge portion which does not have a TPU coating may be used as the sewing edge when the sensor tag 100 is sewn into a garment.

In the present aspects, the sensor tag 100 may be flexible, bendable, stretchable, or otherwise configured/constructed to sustain deformations. Also, the flexibility of the sensor tag 100 allows for the sensor tag 100 to be constructed and arranged so that the aforementioned deformations do not negatively affect the functionality and operation of the electronic components disposed within the sensor tag 100 (e.g., the sensor 102, the antenna 108, etc.).

In some aspects, the sensor tag 100 may be manufactured to satisfy standards of environmental sustainability. For example, in some aspects, a natural-fiber fabric may be used as the flexible substrate layer 104 (or as a portion of the flexible substrate layer 104) so that the sensor tag 100 incorporates less plastic material than conventional sensor tags. For example, the sensor tag 100 may be manufactured using natural-fiber fabric substrates that are sustainable in nature, particularly if the fabric is non-polyester. In some alternative aspects, the flexible fabric substrate may be made of a textile manufactured from recycled plastics, thus allowing the sensor tag 100 to be manufactured to satisfy sustainability requirements.

As described herein, in some aspects, the sensor 102 disposed in the sensor tag 100 may be any type of sensor. For example, in an aspect, the sensor 102 may be an EAS sensor or an RFID sensor. In some further aspects, the sensor tag 100 may include more than one sensor of the same type or of different types. For example, referring to FIG. 4 , in one non-limiting aspect, the sensor tag 100 may include a first sensor 114 and a second sensor 116, where the first sensor 114 is an RFID sensor and the second sensor 116 is an EAS sensor. Accordingly, the sensor tag 100 has dual technology functionality (both RFID and EAS).

In an aspect, the EAS sensor may be a sensor of the type used in Acousto Magnetic (AM) systems. In one non-limiting aspect, for example, the detectors in an AM system emit periodic bursts at 58 KHz, which causes a detectable resonant response in an AM tag. A security tag in a 58 KHz system may also be implemented as an electric circuit resonant at 58 kHz. In an aspect, the EAS sensor to be incorporated into the sensor tag 100 may have a small and substantially flat form factor, and may have a degree of flexibility.

In FIG. 4 , in order to manufacture the sensor tag 100, both the first sensor 114 and the second sensor 116 may be applied to the flexible substrate layer 104. Then, a coating layer 106 of TPU may be applied onto both the first sensor 114 and the second sensor 116 to provide a sealing layer of TPU coating.

In some aspects, the sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may be configured to be flexible and also impervious to detergents, water, grease, oil, dirt, harsh chemicals, etc. In some non-limiting aspects, for example, the sensor 102 within the sensor tag 100 includes an RFID inlay that provides flexibility so that the chip and antenna of the RFID inlay can be repeatedly stretched and deformed without damaging the functionality of the sensor 102.

In some non-limiting aspects, the sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may be attached to, or otherwise incorporated into, any type of apparel and garments, handbags, belts, shoes, caps, hats, scarves, ties and other accessory items, etc. For example, in one non-limiting aspect, the sensor tag 100 may be hidden behind the seams of running shoes. The sensor tag 100 may also be used for household-type textiles, such as bed furnishings, window curtains, pillows, furniture cushions, blinds, table cloths, napkins, etc. The sensor tag 100 may also be incorporated into camping tents and textile utility items, such as tarps. The sensor tag 100 is also suitable for application to rubber or plastic goods. While the sensor tag 100 may be particularly suitable for attachment to goods of a flexible, pliant nature (such as textiles), the sensor tag 100 may also be attached to hard goods. In an aspect, for example, in use with hard goods, the sensor tag 100 may be positioned in an interior portion of an item, such as an inaccessible interior cavity. It will be understood that a list of possible applications for the sensor tag 100 would be exhaustive in nature, and are not limited to those mentioned herein.

In some aspects, the sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may be integrated into an item in such a way that the sensor tag 100 is hidden or wholly undetectable when attached to the item. For example the sensor tag 100 may be discretely sewn into a garment. The sensor tag 100 may also be disposed in the hem, in a seam, in a shirt collar, in a waistband, etc. The sensor tag 100 may be constructed using a soft, flexible substrate (e.g., TPU and/or fabric) and a sealing layer which is a flexible material coating (e.g., TPU). Since the sensor tag 100 is soft and flexible, a person wearing or handling the item to which the sensor tag 100 is attached may not feel the presence of the sensor tag 100. This also ensures that the sensor tag 100 will not irritate a person's skin by continued contact with protruding components.

In some aspects, the sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may also be constructed to visually blend with an article. For example, if a fabric substrate is used, the fabric substrate may be chosen to be the same color as the item to which the sensor tag 100 is attached. The flexible fluid resistive material lay may be a colored TPU material which matches the color of item to which the sensor tag 100 is attached. In some aspects, the sensor tag 100 may also be suitable for integration into a brand label since the TPU can be colorless or can be a specific color that merges with a background color and be discrete. For example, in an aspect, the brand logo may be thermal printed on one side of a brand label, and the sensor tag 100 may be heat sealed to the opposite side of the brand label. Since the sensor tag 100 is configured to avoid bleed through into the substrate, the application of the sensor tag 100 to the brand label will not disturb the brand logo.

In some aspects, after application to an item, the sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may be used in many different types of systems where data communication with the sensor tag 100 is desired. In an aspect, for example, the sensor tag 100 may be configured to facilitate inventory management. In this regard, the sensor tag 100 may be configured for allowing data to be exchanged with an external device, such as a tag reader, via wireless communication technology. In addition to the RFID inlay and the EAS sensor described above, the electronics incorporated into the textile may enable any suitable radio communications protocol for a given mode of use, such as Short Range Communications (SRC), Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.

In one non-limiting aspect, for example, the sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may include an RFID sensor, and the presence of the sensor tag 100 within a garment may be a part of a Return Authenticity system as may be implemented by a retailer. In another non-limiting aspect, for example, the data communications capability of the sensor tag 100 may also be utilized by individuals who have purchased the item to which the sensor tag 100 is attached. The durability of the sensor tag 100 may allow for utilizing the sensor tag 100, which remains embedded within the item to which the sensor tag 100 is attached, long after the item has been purchased. To this end, the sensor tag 100 may be configured to withstand multiple wash/dry cycles as would occur during normal use of a tagged garment.

For example, in one non-limiting aspect, a tag reader device may be used in a household environment to read data from the sensor tag 100, thus enabling a person to precisely locate a certain item using a tag reader device. In another aspect, for example, a home closet may be configured to read the tags of garments located within the closet, thus allowing an individual to instantly electronically inventory their own personal belongings.

In an aspect, the sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may be configured to conform to privacy laws regarding personal consumer data, which may vary by jurisdiction. For example, in European Union (EU) countries, consumer data collection needs to comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In this case, the sensor tag 100 may be brought into GDPR compliance by selecting an RFID chip which is GDPR compliant.

The use of TPU material as described herein provides a sensor tag 100 having high degree of flexibility as compared to conventional tags which use polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a substrate. The sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may tolerate extreme deformation stresses in applications were conventional tags with PET substrates are not sufficiently elastic.

As described herein, in some aspects, the sensor tag 100 may incorporate TPU as both the inlay substrate and the protective coating, or may use TPU to envelope and seal an RFID inlay on another type of flexible, semi-distortable substrate. In aspects in which TPU material is used to form the flexible substrate layer 104, a type of conductive ink that is compatible with TPU may be used to form the antenna 108. Such suitable conductive inks may include, but are not limited to, inks incorporating electrically conductive powders such as silver metal powder, alloys of silver metal powder, or mixtures thereof. In some aspects, the antenna 108 may be formed by a conductive ink type that retains a stretchable, elastic quality after application to the flexible substrate layer 104. This ensures that the circuit of the sensor 102 remains functional even when the sensor tag 100 is subjected to distortional stress.

In some aspects, the conductive ink may be applied to the substrate by screen printing, where the screen mesh size controls the thickness of the deposited thick film. In some alternative aspects, the conductive ink may be applied to the substrate by stencil printing, ink jet printing, or coating techniques. In one non-limiting aspect, for example, the conductive ink may be screen printed on a stretched substrate by dropping or depositing the conductive ink through a nozzle with a thickness of, e.g., 15 to 20 microns. In aspects where the stretched substrate is made of TPU, the substrate does not change shape after being released from the stretch, and therefore preserves the geometry of the antenna 108 that is printed thereon. In some aspect, the conductive ink may be a gelatinous liquid that does not spread beyond the intended printing area. In one non-limiting aspect, the antenna 108 formed by screen printing using a conductive ink may have a width of, e.g., 3 mm on a substrate having a width of 4 mm. In aspects where the sensor 102 includes an RFID sensor, a wider antenna may allow for a faster response time. In contrast, known systems that use a copper wire to form the antenna 108 are unable to provide a wide antenna. Since the antenna 108 in these aspects is formed by screen printing as opposed to chemical processes such as chemical etching, sustainability requirements are also satisfied.

As described herein, in some aspects where the flexible substrate layer 104 is made of TPU, the antenna 108 may be directly printed on TPU as the paste is interacting with TPU. Alternatively, in some aspects, an interlayer paste may be introduced on top of TPU, where the interlayer paste has a thickness of, for example, 25 microns to enable printing of the antenna 108 with silver ink and still maintain suppleness/flexibility. In some aspects, for example, a micro-silver ink may be used instead of or in addition to a nano-silver ink for screen printing the antenna 108 onto the TPU substrate.

In one non-limiting aspect, the antenna 108 may be formed in a meandering shape. Alternatively, the antenna 108 may be formed in a rectangular shape or as one or more straight strips of conductive ink. However, the shape of the antenna 108 is not limited to the above, and the antenna 108 may have a different shape or a combination of different shapes.

The applied conductive ink may then be oven dried or thermally cured. In one non-limiting aspect, for example, the conductive ink may be cured on a nylon or polyester fabric substrate through a progressive cure cycle. In this case, as the progressive cure cycle cures the conductive ink, the fabric substrate does not melt, while the conductive ink adheres to the fabric substrate but does not drain/seep through the fabric substrate.

In one non-limiting aspect, after the conductive ink is cured, a sensor chip may be configured on the flexible substrate layer 104 so as to make proper contact with the antenna 108 formed by the conductive ink. Then, a layer of polyurethane having a thickness of, e.g., about 50 microns, may be heat sealed (e.g., using a heat gun) to provide resistance/protection against abrasion, oil, water, grease, etc. In some aspects, the resulting sensor tag 100 may withstand, for example, two laundry washes at 30° C. with a typical detergent. In some aspects, the resulting sensor tag 100 may withstand processes such as ironing, bleaching, disinfecting, etc.

In an aspect, a plurality of sensor tags 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may be fabricated using an elongated single piece of substrate, which may be TPU, fabric, or fabric having a TPU film applied thereon. In an aspect, for example, a series of electronic components may be coupled to the substrate so as to be separated from each other with equal or unequal amounts of substrate. Then, a TPU coating layer may be applied to the entire length of the substrate which has the series of electronic components coupled thereon. The length of narrow substrate may then be cut into separate sensor tags 100 by an applicator machine at the time the sensor tags 100 are to be attached to an item.

In some aspects, as described herein with reference to various aspects, the one or more sensors 102 to be incorporated into the sensor tags 100 may be any type of sensor which can be produced with a relatively small, flat profile. In addition to the sensor types already described, the one or more sensors 102 may also include bio-sensors for detecting the physiological status of a person. For example, in an aspect, a sensor tag 100 embedded in a garment may include a sensor 102 configured to detect a wearer's heart rate. In another example aspect, a sensor tag 100 integrated into a garment may include a sensor 102 configured to sense a garment wearer's position (e.g., standing up, sitting, etc.). Other non-limiting example types of sensors 102 which can be incorporated into the sensor tag 100 are sensors which can sense the location of the wearer and/or the wearer's movement pattern (e.g., running, standing still, etc.). Suitable sensor implementations include, but are not limited to, a capacitive strain sensor, a conductive ink capacitive sensor, a conductive ink electrode sensor, a conductive ink resistive sensor, a fiber optic sensor, a metal electrode sensor, an optical sensor such as an optical probe sensor or an optical source sensor (e.g., a laser, a light emitting diode (LED), etc.), a piezo resistive strain gauge sensor, a semiconductor sensor (e.g., a force sensor, a gyroscope, a magneto-resistor sensor, a photodiode sensor, a phototransistor sensor, a pressure sensor, and/or a tri-axis accelerometer).

In some aspects, the sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may have a flexible substrate layer 104 that is made of fabric (e.g., polyester, nylon, non-polyester material, etc.), TPU, rubber, etc.

In some aspects, the sensor tag 100 described herein with reference to various aspects may include an antenna 108 that is formed on the flexible substrate layer 104 using a conductive ink such as a silver or copper based ink. Unlike conventional sensor tags that implement an antenna using a wire that is either stitched or woven into a substrate and thus can easily be defeated or get disconnected, the antenna 108 in the present aspects is formed using a conductive ink and is therefore more robust. Further, conductive ink-based RFID sensors are relatively cheaper and faster to manufacture compared to RFID sensors with antennas formed with stitched thread or weaved thread into the substrate. In some aspect, the antenna 108 formed using a conductive ink on a fabric or TPU substrate is more flexible and less rigid and therefore causes less performance issues as compared to a copper thread woven or stitched into a substrate. For example, in cases where copper wire is woven or stitched into the substrate to form a conductor, wire stretch may cause a change in impedance and therefore may impact RFID read performance. In contrast, conductive ink based sensors are more robust to such stretch effects.

In some aspects where the flexible substrate layer 104 is made of fabric, the fabric may have a nylon taffeta or polyester taffeta weave that helps the conductive ink adhere on top of the substrate.

In some aspects where the flexible substrate layer 104 is made of fabric, the fabric may be a Polyurethane coated fabric (PU) that allows for forming the antenna 108 by deposition of conductive ink on the surface of the fabric without any seepage. In one non-limiting aspect, the coating layer 106 may be formed by applying another layer of such fabric on top of the base fabric on which the antenna 108 is printed. Accordingly, sealing/protection of the sensor 102 is provided by PU coating on the fabric against grease/oil, water, abrasion. Alternatively, the coating layer 106 may be formed by applying colorless or colored TPU on top of the fabric substrate on which the antenna 108 is printed. In an aspect, for example, colored TPU may be used for the coating layer 106 to hide the antenna 108. In some aspects, for example, the thicknesses of the fabric substrate may be varied as per a use profile related to the integration needs of a garment.

In some aspects where the flexible substrate layer 104 is made of a polyester/satin fabric coated with polyurethane (e.g., PU fabric), the temperatures for drying the conductive ink (e.g., silver) may be selected such that the PU does not soften and also the fabric does not burn.

In some aspects where the flexible substrate layer 104 is made of TPU, the thickness of the TPU substrate may vary from 100˜200 microns. In some aspects, the TPU is a thermoset Polyurethane that is able to withstand drying the conductive ink (Silver) at some temperatures, but the TPU may thermally degrade at some higher temperatures. To laminate the TPU substrate for protection, a similar layer of TPU may be used having a same thickness or being thicker than the substrate to provide the coating layer 106.

In some aspects, the conductive ink used for forming the antenna 108 may be a conductive ink including silver nanoparticles in a solvent.

In some aspects, the sensor 102 may include a ceramic integrated circuit (IC, as provided by Impinj, NXP, EM, or a custom ASIC). The ceramic IC may include a chip loop antenna made of aluminum etched on PET material may have a pressure-sensitive adhesive such that the chip loop can be coupled to the antenna 108 formed on a fabric or TPU substrate.

In one aspect, for example, the sensor tag 100 may have small width, e.g., 5 mm, allowing it to be introduced in between a lap seam of a garment such as a t-shirt. The leap weave may be used to seal two pieces of cloth and may be between 4.8 mm and 5.2 mm. Accordingly, since the sensor tag 100 is integrated into a lap seam, the sensor tag 100 does not disturb the design of the garment. In contrast, conventional sensor tags that include copper wires may appear a protrusion and may be felt by a person wearing a garment to which that tag is attached. In some aspects, multiple flexible sensor tags 100 conforming to multiple frequency bands (e.g., European Union (EU) bands, North American bands, etc.) may be integrated into such a leap seam.

In one non-limiting example aspect, the flexible substrate layer 104 may be a strip of fabric substrate. Also, the coating layer 106 may be made of fabric, such as a PU cover with a 50 micron thickness, thus providing a fabric-on-fabric sensor tag 100. In this example aspect, the sensor tag 100 may be up to 4 mm wide and 136 mm long, with no curvature and no plasticized surface. Accordingly, the fabric-on-fabric sensor tag 100 may be supple but still maintain straightness, hence providing improvement over TPU-on-fabric sensor tags 100. Further, the fabric-on-fabric sensor tag 100 is more robust and therefore particularly suitable for feeding through fixtures. Additionally, the fabric-on-fabric sensor tag 100 maintains straightness thus better maintaining co-planarity and providing more consistent RFID reads. Yet further, the fabric-on-fabric sensor tag 100 does not impact the fall of a garment or interfere with design aesthetics. Additionally, the fabric-on-fabric sensor tag 100 may be water proof to a certain extent as the fabric is already coated with TPU.

In addition to the aspects disclosed herein, the above-described features, advantages and characteristics of the sensor tag 100 may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more additional aspects. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the present solution can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular aspect. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain aspects that may not be present in all aspects of the present solution.

Referring to FIG. 5 , in one non-limiting aspect, a sensor tag 500 able to be applied to a garment or fabric using a heat source is described below. For purposes of the disclosure, the terms apply, application, melt, weld, adhere, affix, and attached may be used interchangeable throughout the disclosure to mean permanently or semi-permanently connecting the RFID tag and/or tag sensor to a garment or fabric. As described above and below, the affixing of the RFID tag to the garment or fabric may be performed through the use of a heat source. In one aspect of the disclosure the heat source may be an iron, a laser, a heat gun, and the like.

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, the sensor tag 500 may include a heat protective layer 502 as the top layer. The heat protective layer 502 may be a layer of paper, nonwoven fabric, or a heat resistant fabric liner which may protect the lower layers, specifically the top layer 504, when the sensor tag 500 is directly applied with the heat source (not illustrated). The heat protective layer 502 may be removed from the sensor tag 500 via peeling after the sensor tag 500 is applied with the heat source. In another aspect of the disclosure, if present, the heat protective layer 502 may be removed after the application of the heat source and discarded. In some aspects of the disclosure, the heat protective layer 502 may be omitted from the sensor tag 500 if the top layer 504 can withstand the temperature provide by the heat source, for example, up to 170 degrees Celsius. Sensor tags without the heat protective layer 502 will be described below with relation to FIGS. 6-10 .

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, the sensor tag 500 may further include a top layer 504 below the heat protective layer 502. The top layer 504 may be, for example, a knit fabric, woven fabric, TPU, vinyl or nonwoven layer. The top layer 504 may be used to support the sensor which may be attached to the sensor lay 506. Further, the top layer 504 may also be implemented to protect the sensor and sensor layer 506 from the heat applied by the heat source during affixing of the sensor tag 500 to the garment/fabric. As described above, the top layer 504 may also be implemented to conceal or camouflage the sensor and sensor tag 500 when affixed to the garment/fabric. For example, the top layer 504 may be colored in a matching color of the garment/fabric to which the sensor tag 500 is being affixed.

In one aspect of the disclosure, characteristics of the top layer 504, for example, color, material and the like, may be configured and/or selected based upon the garment/fabric receiving the sensor and sensor tag 500, and the overall desired effect of the end product. The examples provided below are non-limiting and other materials, colors, and products may be used as the top layer 504 so long as they can withstand the heat being applied by the heat source, and can support the sensor during application.

The top layer may be selected to be one of a knit fabric, woven fabric, TPU, vinyl or nonwoven layer. A knit fabric may be used when a stretch is required in the garment for which the tag sensor 500 is applied. In another aspect of the disclosure, a knit fabric may be implemented as a top layer 504 for other knit garments and fabrics for which the tag sensor 500 may be applied.

A woven fabric may be used as a top layer 504 where a stretch is not required in the garment for which the tag sensor 500 is applied. In another aspect of the disclosure, a woven fabric may be implemented as a top layer 504 for denim fabrics, shirting and other woven goods for which the tag sensor 500 may be applied.

A TPU may be used as a top layer 504 in universal applications. The TPU may create a plastic feel which may be objectionable in some garment applications and fabrics for which the tag sensor 500 is applied. In another aspect of the disclosure, a TPU may be implemented as a top layer 504 on knit and woven goods and may provide some stretch properties for which the tag sensor 500 may be applied.

A vinyl may be used as a top layer 504 in universal applications. The vinyl may provide flexibility and color options which can be used to conceal the sensor on the garment for which the tag sensor 500 is applied.

A non-woven fabric may be used as a top layer 504 as a low-cost top layer when appearance is not critical. The non-woven fabric may either fusible or non-fusible.

In one aspect of the disclosure, top layer 504 may be identical in length and width of the sensor and sensor layer 506, described below, or may feature an outside overhanging edge. The outside overhanging edge may also include an adhesive to ensure coverage of the sensor and sensor layer 506, and improve adhesion to the garment/fabric, as described below.

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, the sensor tag 500 may further include a sensor layer 506 below the heat protective layer 502 and the top layer 504. The sensor layer 506 may be attached to the top layer 504. This sensor and sensor layer 506 may be attached to the top layer 504 using a wet adhesive inlay, dry inlay, etched aluminum inlay, etched onto or constructed on the fabric layer avoiding the need for an inlay, or printed with conductive ink on the fabric layer and applying a chip.

The sensor layer 506 may include a sensor, for example, a RFID sensor. As described above, the present aspects are not limited to an RFID sensor, and any combination and number of different sensors within a single sensor tag may be desirable for each specific application. For example, in some aspects, the sensor may include more than one sensor, and each sensor may be an RFID sensor or may be another type of sensor. In some non-limiting aspects, for example, the sensor may include one or more Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) sensors instead of or in addition to one or more RFID sensors, and each EAS sensor may emit a detectable signal in response to an interrogation field. In some non-limiting aspects, for example, the sensor may include one or more Near-field communication (NFC) and/or one or more acousto-magnetic (AM) sensors instead of or in addition to one or more RFID sensors and/or one or more EAS sensors.

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, the sensor tag 500 may further include an adhesive layer 508 below the heat protective layer 502, the top layer 504 and the sensor layer 506. The adhesive layer 508 may be applied to the base of the sensor and/or sensor layer 506 in combination with the top layer 504 fabric with the purpose of joining the sensor and/or sensor layer 506 to the fabric of the garment using a heat source. In accordance with the aspects of the present disclosure, and to meet a range of application temperatures of 120 degrees Celsius to 180 C. degrees Celsius, a multi temperature hot melt adhesive such as Surebonder 725 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate may be used.

As discussed in more detail below in FIGS. 6-10 , in accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, the sensor tag 500 may include an additional adhesive associated with the adhesive layer 508 to permit the placement and temporary holding of the sensor tag 500 to the garment prior to applying a heat source to affix the tag sensor 500 to the garment. In one example, the additional adhesive may include a pressure sensitive hot melt component, for example, Pressure Sensitive P4360A, which may be blended into the adhesive layer 508. Alternatively, for example, a thin layer of repositionable adhesive such as Odit Adhesive 707, IM-F4250 Peelable Gummy Glue may be applied below the adhesive layer 508, as described below, and as illustrated as a temporary adhesive layer 609 in FIG. 6 .

Further, in one aspect of the disclosure, the adhesive layer 508 may cover just the outer over edge of the top layer 504, as described above. In another aspect of the disclosure the adhesive layer 508 may cover the entire surface of the sensor/sensor layer 506 and top layer 504, if required to ensure complete bond.

In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, the sensor tag 500 may further include a backing layer 510 below the heat protective layer 502, the top layer 504, the sensor layer 506 and the adhesive layer 508. The backing layer 510 may be removable from the sensor tag 500. As described below, the backing layer 510 may be implemented to prevent the sensor tag 500 from potentially sticking together while being stored in a roll format. In one aspect of the disclosure, the backing layer 510 may be a paper, nonwoven fabric or a film backing. In one aspect, the backing layer 510 may be removed prior to the application of the sensor tag 500 to the garment/fabric and prior to the application of the heat source.

FIGS. 6-10 will be described below in accordance with different specific end use designs and implementation. For example, different combinations of the elements and layers described above may allow for customization of a tag sensor 500 based on the final garment's individual properties. Further, the same reference numbers and description will be implemented, as described with reference to FIG. 5 , with only the first digit changed to reflect and correspond to the respective Figure number. Only additions/subtractions/differences will be described below.

Referring to FIG. 6 , in one non-limiting aspect, a sensor tag 600 able to be applied to a garment or fabric using a heat source is described below. The sensor tag 600 includes a heat protective lay 602, a top layer 604, for example a vinyl face cover, a sensor layer 606, for example a wet adhesive inlay, an adhesive layer 608, for example superbonder 725, a temporary adhesive layer 609, for example IM-F4250 peelable gummy glue, and a backing layer 610, for example protective paper. In one aspect of the disclosure, sensor tag 600 may be configured with a vinyl top layer and may be used for universal garment applications on an individual units basis.

Referring to FIG. 7 , in one non-limiting aspect, a sensor tag 700 able to be applied to a garment or fabric using a heat source is described below. The sensor tag 700 includes a heat protective layer 702, a top layer 704, for example a vinyl face cover, a sensor layer 706, for example a wet adhesive inlay, an adhesive layer 708, for example superbonder 725, and a temporary adhesive layer 709, for example IM-F4250 peelable gummy glue. In one aspect of the disclosure, sensor tag 700 may be configured with a vinyl top layer and may be used for universal garment applications in a roll format.

Referring to FIG. 8 , in one non-limiting aspect, a sensor tag 800 able to be applied to a garment or fabric using a heat source is described below. The sensor tag 800 includes a heat protective lay 802, a top layer 804, for example a TPU high temperature face fabric, a sensor layer 806, for example a printed aluminum antenna plus a chip, an adhesive layer 808 and 809, for example superbonder 725 blended with P4360A pressure sensitive, and a backing layer 810, for example protective paper. In one aspect of the disclosure, sensor tag 800 may be configured with a TPU top layer and may be used for universal garment applications where stretch is required in a roll format. As described above, a protective paper is implemented to avoid sensor sticking to each other.

Referring to FIG. 9 , in one non-limiting aspect, a sensor tag 900 able to be applied to a garment or fabric using a heat source is described below. The sensor tag 900 includes a top layer 904, for example a woven fabric, a sensor layer 906, for example a sensor inlay, an adhesive layer 908, for example superbonder 725, and a temporary adhesive layer 909, for example IM-F4250 peelable gummy glue. In one aspect of the disclosure, sensor tag 900 may be configured with a woven top layer and may be used for denim or woven fabric applications. As described above, the sensor tag 900 may be implemented on an individual units basis.

Referring to FIG. 10 , in one non-limiting aspect, a sensor tag 1000 able to be applied to a garment or fabric using a heat source is described below. The sensor tag 1000 includes a top layer 1004, for example a knit nylon stretch fabric, a sensor layer 1006, for example an antenna plus integrated circuit, an adhesive layer 1008 and 1009, for example superbonder 725 blended with P4360A pressure sensitive. In one aspect of the disclosure, sensor tag 1000 may be configured with a knit nylon stretch fabric top layer and may be used for knit shirt applications. As described above, the sensor tag 1000 may be implemented on an individual units basis.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of an example method of configuring a sensor tag according to some present aspects. At 1102 the method 1100 includes printing one or more antennas 108 on a flexible substrate layer 104 using a conductive ink. At 1104 the method 1100 includes depositing one or more sensors 102 on the flexible substrate layer 104, where at least one of the one or more sensors 102 is deposited to make electric contact with at least one of the one or more antennas 108. At 1006 the method 1100 includes applying a coating layer 106 over the one or more sensors 102.

In an aspect, for example, the coating layer 106 may include a colorless or colored TPU layer or a PU fabric layer.

In an aspect, for example, the flexible substrate layer 104 may include a TPU layer, a fabric layer, a PU fabric layer, a nylon taffeta layer, a polyester taffeta layer, or a rubber layer.

In an aspect, for example, the flexible substrate layer 104 may include a film of TPU over a fabric layer. in this aspect, the printing at 1002 may include printing on the film of TPU, and the depositing at 1004 may include depositing on the film of TPU. In an aspect, for example, the applying at 1006 may include encapsulating the one or more sensors 102 between the TPU film and the coating layer 106. In an aspect, for example, the coating layer 106 may include TPU, and the applying at 1106 may further include leaving a TPU-free margin around the flexible substrate layer 104.

In an aspect, for example, the flexible substrate layer 104 may include a fabric layer. In this aspect, the applying at 1006 may include encapsulating the one or more sensors 102 and at least a portion of the fabric layer within the coating layer 106. In an aspect, for example, the coating layer 106 may include TPU. In this aspect, the applying at 1006 may further include leaving a TPU-free margin around the fabric layer.

In an aspect, for example, the one or more sensors 102 may include an RFID sensor.

In an aspect, for example, the one or more sensors 102 may include an EAS sensor.

In an aspect, for example, the one or more sensors 102 may include an RFID sensor and an EAS sensor.

In an aspect, for example, the printing at 1102 may include screen printing, stencil printing, ink jet printing, or coating.

In an aspect, for example, the printing at 1102 may include printing at least a portion of the one or more antennas 108 in a stripe, rectangular, or meandering shape.

In an aspect, for example, the method 1100 may further include curing the one of more antennas 108 subsequent to the printing at 1102 and prior to the depositing at 1104.

In an aspect, for example, the curing may include oven drying or thermally curing.

In an aspect, for example, the applying at 1106 may include laminating or heat sealing.

In an aspect, for example, the laminating or heat sealing may include using a heat gun.

In an aspect, for example, the conductive ink may include conductive nanoparticles in a solvent.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of an example method of configuring a sensor tag according to some present aspects. At 1202 the method 1200 includes removing a paper layer between the adhesive layer and the garment/garment to be applied if present. At 1204 the method 1200 includes placing the sensor tag in a desired location to be affixed. At 1206 the method 1200 includes applying a heat source, for example an iron, at a standard temperature for a garment, for example, 120 degree Celsius to 170 degree Celsius, for a desired amount of time, for example, 6-10 seconds. At 1208 the method 1200 includes removing heat source. At 1208 the method 1200 includes removing a heat protective layer if present.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for configuring a sensor tag, comprising: placing the sensor tag in a location on a garment or fabric to be affixed; applying a heat source at a temperature to the sensor tag for a time period to melt an adhesive; removing the heat source after the time period has elapsed; and removing a top protective layer after removing the heat source, wherein the adhesive layer comprises two different layers of adhesive.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: removing a paper layer between an adhesive layer and the garment or fabric prior to placing the sensor tag in the location.
 3. A sensor tag comprising: a top layer; a protective layer above the top layer; a sensor layer below the top layer; an adhesive layer below the sensor layer, wherein the adhesive layer comprises two different layers of adhesive.
 4. The sensor tag of claim 3, further comprising: a backing layer below the adhesive layer.
 5. The sensor tag of claim 4, wherein at least one of the two different layers of adhesive includes Surebonder 725 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate or Pressure Sensitive P4360A.
 6. The sensor tag of claim 4, wherein the adhesive layer comprises two different adhesives blended. 